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Alibi
A defense claim that the accused was somewhere else at the time a crime was committed.
Stipulation
A certain time allowed by statute in which litigation must be brought. In criminal cases, prosecution is barred if not brought within the statute of limitations.
Fine
A sum of money paid as part of a penalty of conviction for a particular criminal offense.
Impeachment of witness
An attack on the credibility of a witness.
Certiorari
See writ of certiorari
Mistrial
A trial, which is void because of some error.
Direct evidence
Evidence in the form of testimony from a witness who actually saw, heard, or touched the subject of interrogation.
Peremptory challenge
Each party to a suit tried to a jury has the right to peremptorily "challenge" (reject) a certain number of prospective jurors without giving a reason. By contrast, the parties have unlimited rights to challenge jurors for good cause, but the judge must approve "for cause challenges." Parties may not exercise peremptory challenges on the basis of race or gender.
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